The resolution, which received 143 votes, with only five countries voting against it, and 35 abstaining on Wednesday at the Assembly's emergency session, passed with the required two-thirds majority showing Russia's isolation.
The Assembly action followed Moscow's veto of a similar resolution on October 1 in the Security Council.
Explaining India's decision, Permanent Representative Ruchira Kamboj said that with its "firm resolve to strive for a peaceful solution through dialogue and diplomacy, India has decided to abstain".
At the same time, she directed criticism at Russia without naming it: "We have consistently advocated that no solution can ever be arrived at the cost of human lives. Escalation of hostilities and violence is in no one's interest."
Prime Minister Narendra Modi "has said unequivocally that this cannot be an era of war", she said citing his remark in the presence of Russia's President Vladimir Putin.
She also quoted from External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar's speech at the Assembly in September in which he implied support for Ukraine in the conflict, saying, "We are on the side that respects the UN Charter and its founding principles".
In the run-up to today's vote at the Assembly, India had voted with the West and in opposition to Russia on three procedural motions that did not affect its neutrality in a substantive way.
India had also abstained on the recent resolution in the Security Council and on the two resolutions in the General Assembly condemning Russia in March.
Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky had spoken with Prime Minister Modi last week amid intense diplomatic push for support for the resolution.
During the call, according to the External Affairs Ministry, the Prime Minister had told Zelensky that there could not a be military solution and dialogue was the way to end the conflict. He also offered India's readiness to work on peace efforts.
Further, he emphasised the importance of respecting the territorial integrity and sovereignty of nations, the ministry said.
Before the vote at the Assembly, Russia's Permanent Representative Vasily Nebenza repeated Moscow's assertions that the four regions of Ukraine had voted in the 90 per cent range in referendums to join Russia.
Ukraine and several countries have called the referendums an illegal sham because they were held under military occupation.
China abstained on the vote.
The Assembly session also witnessed a sideshow by Pakistan, which stuck to its gimmick of bringing up Kashmir regardless of the topic on the agenda.
Kamboj dismissed it as an attempt to misuse the UN forum with "frivolous and pointless remarks".
Kamboj called on Pakistan to stop cross-border terrorism while declaring, "The entire territory of Jammu and Kashmir is and will always be an integral and inalienable part of India irrespective of what the representative of Pakistan believes - or covets."(IANS)
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